Signs of Child Abuse
All parents know that every child gets scratches, bruises, and cuts from time to time. In fact, it is rare that at one of my children (ages 3 and 5) does not have at least one of these at any given time. Discerning "normal" childhood scrapes and bruises from actual abuse can be difficult. Further, not all abuse results in visible or external signs. Responsible adults should remain aware of the following, which can be signs of child abuse in any given case:
- Physical injuries, such as bruises, black eyes, and broken bones
- Change in behavior, such as nightmares or trouble sleeping
- Decline in school performance
- Poor self-image
- Inability to love or trust others
- Aggressive or disruptive behavior
- Display of intense anger or rage
- Acting out in the classroom
- Acting out sexually
- Self-destructive, self-abusive, or suicidal behavior
- Sad, passive, withdrawn, or depressed behavior
- Difficulty forming new relationships
- Use of drugs or alcohol
- Avoiding going home after school
- Showing a fear of certain adults
Children who witness abuse (but are not victims themselves) may also display some or all of the above signs. It's important to note that these symptoms are all nonspecific, meaning they could result from a number of causes -- not just child abuse. Children who are under stress from a variety of sources (such as parental separation, divorce, and visitation and custody arrangements) may show similar symptoms.
Those who abuse children may show certain nonspecific signs as well. For example, parents who abuse their children may avoid other parents in the neighborhood, may not participate in school activities, and may be uncomfortable talking about their children's injuries or behavioral problems.
Thanks to the excellent article by KidsHealth.org for this information.
