South Carolina Family Law Blog : Spartanburg Divorce Lawyer & Attorney : Stevens-MacPhail Law Firm : South Carolina Family Law Serving Columbia, Charleston, Greenville, Hilton Head Island

New clients often ask their lawyer how they can help ensure a good result in their divorce and/or custody cases.  The following tips from Jeanne M. Hannah can help clients obtain good results and often save money in their cases:

• Be prepared. Clients can gather documents and information about important financial issues, which will help save your lawyer time, which will typically save you money.
• Be flexible and prepared to accept change.  Understand that financial resources can become stretched during a divorce, and the ability to compromise can be invaluable in helping reach a successful resolution in your case.
• Be truthful with your attorney. Your lawyer's ability to help you is only as good as the information that you provide to him.  If you fail to provide accurate and truthful information, you are only hurting yourself.
• Prepare to use specialists.  You will generally obtain better results if you use a lawyer who doesn’t dabble in family law. Sometimes, other specialists may be needed to help with various issues in your case, such as counselors, financial planners, business valuation experts, CPAs, and/or child specialists.
• Ask your lawyer for recommendations to a specialist.  Your attorney can typically refer you to well qualified experts when the need arises.
• Make a list of the goals, needs and interests that are important to you, ranking them in order of importance. Once you draft your list, verify that they are realistic, and then focus on them and don't get distracted.
  
• Be empathic to your spouse’s position.  By keeping all avenues of negotiation open, you can determine the other person's goals and thus what motivates him/her to settle. 
• Reduce conflict.  The more you can work to reduce conflict and work toward a solution, the more you can reduce your cost in any case.  Also, you should remember that conflicts consume not only money, but also energy.
• Remember, this isn't the end of the world.  At the end of the day, you want to be able to walk away, to take a break, and to start over while holding your head high, knowing that you  handled things in the right way.

You can read much more about each of these tips by visiting Ms. Hannah's blog.

Source:  "Preparing for Divorce" by Jeanne M. Hannah, published at her Updates in Michigan Family Law.

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The American Bar Association's Section of Family Law publishes charts in its Family Law Quarterly which summarize the basic laws in each state by topic, including custody, alimony and grounds for divorce.  These charts are current as of November 2006, and they are useful as a quick reference to both attorneys and clients.  Charts are available on the following subjects:

• Alimony/Spousal Support Factors
  
• Custody Criteria
  
• Child Support Guidelines
  
• Grounds for Divorce and Residency Requirements
  
• Property Division
  
• Third-Party Visitation
  
• Appointment Laws in Adoption, Guardianship, and Parentage Cases
  
• Download All Charts

Source: Thanks to John Harding for his article on this subject published at his California Divorce Blawg.

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The South Carolina Association of Legal Investigators (SCALI) asked me to speak yesterday at their Fall Conference, held this year in Greenville, SC.  Almost 100 investigators attended my presentation on the topic of "Effective Investigations in Child Custody Cases."

During my talk, I gave the investigators three tips to help their investigations in these types of cases:

1. Let the clients know the following information:
   a.   What your investigative plan is for their case;
   b.   When you anticipate starting to work on their case;
   c.   When you will (and won't) be working their case; and
   d.   How much you anticipate charging for your services.
2. Spend time with the client at the beginning to find out as much as you can about facts that existed at time child custody was last addressed by the Court.  This can be particularly helpful in custody modification cases.
   
3. Review copies of the pleadings and Affidavits filed by both parties to help learn as much about each party's allegations so that you can help prove your client's allegations and disprove the opposing party's allegations.

The investigators present had great questions for me, and I appreciate their willingness to learn as much as they can to become the best investigators possible.  Thanks again to SCALI for inviting me to speak at their conference again this year.

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One of the many factors that the Court considers in child custody cases is the school and educational resources available at each parent's residence.  In other words, if the parents live in different school districts, how do they compare to each other? 

If both parents live in the same city or county, the information is usually easy to access and present to the Court. However, when the parents live in different states, it is somewhat more difficult.  In cases where the parents do not live in the same location, this issue can be even more important.

Fortunately, SchoolMatters.com is an online resource that enables parents (and their attorneys) to compare schools based upon performance of students on standardized tests, teacher-pupil ratios, and other critical factors.  This resource is a service of Standard & Poor's, and it is free.

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I have previously written about how the Family Court considers a child's preference in custody cases.  On his new Minnesota Divorce and Family Law blog, Gerald Williams addressed this subject a few weeks ago, as follows:

If I had to name the question that comes up most often, it would be this one: how old does a child of divorced, separated or unmarried parents have to be to decide which parent the child wants to live with? In typical manner, the answer is not a simple one. There is no fixed age when a child celebrates a certain birthday and suddenly holds the trump card to influence a family court judge's decision regarding child custody. It is safe to say that a 3-year-old is too young to decide. And a 17-year-old with car keys and an attitude can wield a certain amount of control over where they spend the night.

It is the ages in the interim that make things more complicated. At some point between age three and seventeen, most youngsters gains sufficient maturity to express to a guardian ad litem or custody evaluator a preference to live with one or the other parent. The guardian ad litem or custody evaluator may pass that information on to the family court judge if it believed to be sufficiently reliable and not based on the undue influence of the "preferred parent." But that point in time is not the same for every child. Therefore, it is something that is considered on a case-by-case basis.

Moreover, in most cases, if the child expresses a reliable preference for one parent, there will be other factors that support placing the child in that parent's custody. The family court might be informed that the child has such a preference, but also that the "preferred parent" provides the child with a more stable home environment, has a significant other or extended family members with whom the child has a good relationship, and/or is more inclined to support the child's contact with the other parent.

That gives the family court impetus to award custody to the "preferred parent" without resorting to the child's preference as a basis for the custody decision. Family court authorities and children's therapists are loathe to place a custody decision on the shoulders of the subject child. A child custody arrangement is required by law to be based upon the child's best interests as a whole, and if at all possible, the family court will avoid rendering a custody decision that can be said to be based primarily on the child's preference.

Source:  "Child Custody: Where Does The Kid WANT To Live?" by Gerald O. Williams, posted at his Minnesota Divorce and Family Law blog.

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I have written several posts on this blog about Parental Alienation Syndrome, such as here, here, and here.  To get another lawyer's take on this subject, I present the following article published by Dan Nunley at the Oklahoma Family Law Blog a few months ago:

Statistics show that approximately one in two marriages end in divorce and about ten percent of those divorces involve child custody battles.  During these emotionally charged proceedings, some children exhibit emotional detachment from one or both parents.  The cause of this emotional detachment is unknown and the issues involved are complex.

One suggested theory, developed by the late Richard A. Gardner, M.D., has come to be known as "Parental Alienation Syndrome" (PAS).  PAS typically portrays one parent as an evil alienator who through consistent brainwashing is responsible for turning an impressionable and vulnerable child against the innocent, enstranged parent.   As a result of this brainwashing, the child reflexively supports the alienating parent and experiences no guilt over their own cruelty towards the enstranged parent.

PAS is becoming an issue in more and more custody cases.  However, the mental health profession is far from agreement about the existence of the syndrome. Noting the lack of supporting data, the American Psychological Association has "no official position on the purported syndrome," according to its statement on PAS.

The legal community is divided as well. While many family lawyers believe the syndrome is a legitimate psychological diagnosis, others view it as nonsense. They say it's used primarily by parents who want someone to blame for their poor relationship with their children.

Read more about PAS in this recent article from Lawyers Weekly USA.

Source:  "Parental Alienation Syndrome" by Dan Nunley, published at the Oklahoma Family Law Blog.

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From the Family Law Taxation blog:

In order for a taxpayer to be entitled to the dependency deduction, the taxpayer must satisfy rather explicit statutory requirements. In the case of a divorce or separation, this can be particularly difficult for the individual that does not have custody (referred to as the "noncustodial parent") -- even if the individual was "granted" the deduction as part of the divorce proceedings.

Dependency deduction for noncustodial parents: The noncustodial parent is not entitled to the dependency deduction unless the individual attaches a valid written declaration (IRS Form 8332 or its equivalent) to their Federal tax return for the year the deduction is claimed. In the event a written declaration relinquishes more than one year, then the original must be attached to the first claimed year and a copy attached to each subsequently claimed year.  For a discussion of these rules -- see FAQ: Dependency Deduction.

In Chamberlain v. Commissioner, the U.S. Tax Court ruled that the former husband (taxpayer) was not entitled to the dependent deduction for one of his children because he didn't attach a valid IRS Form 8332 (Release of Claim to Exemption for Child of Divorced or Separated Parents) to his 2003 Federal tax return (the child credit was also denied because it is premised on being entitled to the dependent deduction for the child). The Tax Court concluded that the attachment of a Post-It note referencing the initial (1995) Form 8332 didn't satisfy the statutory requirement of attaching a valid written declaration.

The taxpayer's former wife executed a Form 8332 in which she relinquished the dependency deduction for one of their two children beginning in 1995 and for all future years. The taxpayer claimed that he attached the original Form 8332 to his 1995 return, but that a subsequent fire destroyed all of his copies. The IRS was unable to provide a copy because their 1995 tax return information had been destroyed (pursuant to IRS document destruction policies).

This result may seem harsh, but as the Court indicated, "Although we are sympathetic with [taxpayer's] plight, we are bound by the wording of the statute as enacted and accompanying regulations when consistent therewith."

Source:  "Dependency Deduction Goes Down in Flames: Tax Court Rules Noncustodial Parent Is Not Entitled to Dependency Deduction Because a Valid Form 8332 (or Equivalent) Wasn't Attached to His Tax Return" published at the Family Law Taxation blog.

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In child custody cases, parents often accuse each other of leaving the child inadequately supervised.  The allegations can be that the child was left home alone or left with someone who cannot properly supervise the child (such as relatives who are too old or too young).  Left Unsupervised: A Look at the Most Vulnerable Children, a 2003 study published by the non-profit research organization Child Trends addressed the large number of children are left without care and supervision by their parents.

Surprisingly, most States do not have regulations or laws about when a child is considered old enough to care for himself/herself or to care for other children.  Some states have guidelines or recommendations that are usually distributed through child protective services at the county level.  Similarly, reports of child neglect can be made to the S.C. Department of Social Services, though the response their tends to be very inconsistent and erratic.

As a practical matter, the difficulty in this area centers on the fact that every child is different.  Establishing a rule that a child must be X years old to stay home alone or supervise other children would not solve this problem, because some children are mature at an early age, some are immature, and many fall somewhere in the middle.  Wise parents base their decision about leaving his or her minor child unsupervised upon careful consideration of the child's maturity and emotional stability.

Family dynamics also must play a part in a parent's decisions about child care. Should a sibling be left in charge of younger siblings? If so, how old should that sibling be? How long should or could he/she be in charge? In some families, it would never work to leave one child in charge because of family dynamics, sibling rivalries, or other special challenges faced by one of more of the children.  The maturity and capabilities of the elected babysitter should be the controlling factors.

To help parents ensure that their children are safe, the University of Michigan Health System has compiled an excellent resource Babysitter Safety - What Parents and Sitters Need to Know.  This website includes the following types of information:  how to choose a babysitter, things to tell the sitter before you leave, information sitters should have, resources for sitters, the dangers of leaving kids home alone, information about problems associated with sibling sitters, and more.

Source:  "Home Alone: Child Care and Babysitter Issues" by Jeanne M. Hannah, published at her Updates in Michigan Family Law blog.

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A mother who lost custody of her three children in a divorce has argued to the Washington Supreme Court that she should have had an attorney appointed to represent her.  The woman, who only has a ninth-grade education, attempted to get pro bono representation, but she was declined because of the complexity of her case.  As a result, she ended up representing herself, while her husband had an attorney.

Her appeal focuses on the open courts provision of the Washington state constitution includes an open courts provision, which says that justice in all cases should be administered openly, and justice shouldn’t be delayed.  The argument being made by the mother's appellate attorney is that "access" in this instance means "meaningful access," which requires a lawyer.

You can read much more about this novel theory in the article referenced below.  You can also follow this case, King v. King, No. 57831-6-1, at the Washington Supreme Court's website.

Source:  "Mom Wants State to Pay in Custody Battle" by Stephanie Francis Ward, published in the ABA Journal eReport.

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Parents are moving today more than ever.  In fact, I receive calls almost every week about these "parental relocation cases."  One of the (many) issues that the Court considers in such cases is the quality of the schools in each location. 

Fortunately, it is now easier than ever to find out necessary information about educational institutions located far away, thanks to Yahoo Real Estate.  This free service allows you to research both public and private schools in any state by city name or even by zip code.

The information provided includes contact information, enrollment, student to teacher ratio, and location on an interactive map.  There are also reports available on the school's test scores, students, and teachers.  This resource can prove extremely helpful as a starting point when a child's eduction is at issue, and I urge you to check it out.

Source:  "Find School Info With Yahoo School Search" by Wendy Boswell, publishd at LifeHacker.

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